Standards Pillar — Rev. 01

Standards
& Codes

No single document governs a tube sheet. A real specification stacks a material standard, a design code, and a construction standard — and which ones apply changes by destination country and industry.

MATERIAL STANDARD ASTM / EN 10028 DESIGN CODE TEMA / ASME VIII CONSTRUCTION / INSPECTION API 660 / PED / Class Society
FIG. 1 — HOW THREE CODE LAYERS STACK ON ONE SPECIFICATION
DRAWINGNPRO-TS-000-STD
SCALENOT TO SCALE
BODIES6 ISSUING ORGANISATIONS
STATUSREFERENCE / EDUCATIONAL
The Stack

Three layers, not one document

A complete specification names one standard from each layer. Naming only one — usually the design code — is the most common cause of a quote coming back with clarifying questions.

01

Material Standard

Defines the chemistry, mechanical properties, and allowable stress of the plate itself — e.g. ASTM A240 for stainless plate, EN 10028 in Europe.

02

Design Code

Provides the thickness, ligament efficiency, and pressure-boundary calculation — TEMA for the mechanical design of the exchanger, ASME Section VIII for the pressure vessel itself.

03

Construction & Inspection Standard

Governs fabrication tolerance, welding qualification, and testing/documentation — API 660 for petroleum service, PED for EU market access, classification society rules for marine.

Fig. 2 — Grouped by Issuing Body

Where each standard actually comes from

USA

ASME & ASTM

ASME governs pressure vessel and boiler design; ASTM governs material specification. The default pair for US-bound and much of Middle East-bound supply.

  • ASME Section VIII Div. 1
  • ASME Section I (boilers)
  • ASTM A240 / A516 / A182
EUROPE

DIN / EN

European material and pressure equipment standards, required for CE marking and PED compliance on EU-bound equipment.

  • EN 13445 (pressure vessels)
  • EN 10028 (flat products)
  • DIN 28191 (tube sheet dims)
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC

TEMA & API

TEMA is the dedicated mechanical design standard for shell-and-tube exchangers; API standards layer petroleum-industry construction requirements on top.

  • TEMA Class R / C / B
  • API 660 (petroleum exchangers)
  • API 941 (Nelson curves)
TEMA Classes

R, C, and B aren't quality tiers — they're service classes

The most common specification error: assuming Class R is simply "better" than Class C. Each class targets a different service, with different design margins.

ClassIntended ServiceDesign MarginTypical Sector
TEMA Class RSevere petroleum and related process serviceHighest — largest corrosion allowance, conservative tube pitchOil & gas, refining, petrochemical
TEMA Class CGenerally moderate serviceModerate — commercial/general-purpose marginsGeneral industrial, HVAC-adjacent process
TEMA Class BChemical process serviceTailored to chemical-industry corrosion and cleaning needsChemical processing plants
FAQ — Schema Marked

Questions about which code applies

They work together. ASME Section VIII governs the pressure vessel aspects of the exchanger shell, while TEMA provides the mechanical design standard specific to shell-and-tube construction, including tube sheet thickness formulas. A single exchanger is commonly built to both simultaneously.

Most GCC oil & gas and petrochemical buyers specify ASME/ASTM/TEMA as the base package, often with API 660 layered on for petroleum service, since regional EPC contractors are typically ASME-aligned. Confirm against your specific end-client's purchase specification, as some projects call out additional local requirements.

Yes — in-house specifications are common for large EPC contractors and typically reference a public standard as a baseline with additional clauses. Send the specification document with your enquiry and our engineering team will confirm compliance before quoting.

No — PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) applies specifically to equipment placed on the EU market. Domestic Indian supply is typically governed by IBR (Indian Boiler Regulations) where applicable, or the relevant ASME/TEMA package agreed with the buyer.

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Not Sure Which Code Package You Need?

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